Climate change adaptation links

Greenhouse Gasses and Global Temperatures

Data source: NOAA, measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory: CO2 DIRECT MEASUREMENTS: 1958-PRESENT.
Data source: NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Credit: NASA/GISS: GLOBAL LAND-OCEAN TEMPERATURE INDEX.
Global coal consumption from iea50: 2000-2023.
Greenhouse gasses and their global warming potentials from NZs NIWA: What are global warming potentials?
An excerpt from the 2018 IPCC report on greenhouse gas forcings: Chapter 2 Section 1 Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing.
Links with good examples of civil engineering approaches to adapting to disasters: The History of engineering in disaster preparedness: 18 innovations that save lives. Engineering Management, 29 January 2025.

How an MIT spinout, Quaise Energy, is working to create geothermal wells made from the world's deepest holes: Tapping into the million-year energy source below our feet. by Zach Winn, MIT News Office, June 2022.
Quaise Energy press releases 2024: The hunt for heat: drilling the deepest holes on earth and Quaise Energy and Nevada Gold Mines partner on a deep geothermal pilot plant to decarbonise mining.
An long survey of geothermal energy resources by the Idaho National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory operated by Battelle Energy Alliance 2006: The future of geothermal energy.

Data source: NOAA, measured from a global network of air sampling sites: Atmospheric Methane Concentrations since 1984.
MIT chemical engineers have devised a way to capture methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and convert it into polymers: A new catalyst can turn methane into something useful, Anne Trafton , MIT News, December 2024.
With special treatment, minerals called zeolites — commonly found in cat litter — can efficiently remove the greenhouse gas from the air, researchers report: A dirt-cheap solution? Common clay materials may help curb methane emissions, by David L. Chandler, MIT News Office, January 2022.
An update of the global methane budget and trends: Methane Budget 2024, including highlights, press releases and presentation materials.
Arctic permafrost holds an estimated 1,700 billion metric tons of carbon, including methane and carbon dioxide, roughly 51 times the amount of carbon the world released as fossil fuel emissions in 2019. See Thawing Permafrost Could Leach Microbes, Chemicals Into Environment, NASAs Jet Propolsion Laboratory, CALTECH, March 2022.
Earth Org Climate Change: 3 ways to effectively reduce methane emissions from cows, Lei Nguygen, October 2022.
Methane belched out by ruminant animals is responsible for 71% of New Zealand's total agricultural emissions: Reduce Methane Emissions, Ag Matters, NZ Government Publication.

14th February 2025